Gioco Del Poker Regole Wikipedia

Backgammon is one of the oldest known board games.Its history can be traced back nearly 5,000 years to archaeological discoveries in Mesopotamia. It is a two-player game where each player has fifteen pieces (checkers or men) that move between twenty-four triangles (points) according to the roll of two dice. Entrando per la prima volta nel gioco del Poker, avrai un contocon 300 crediti, ed al pagamento del passaporto altri 1.000 crediti saranno addizionati. Se per caso perderaiquesti crediti nel gioco, potrai ricaricarli premendo il tasto appositonella schermata di entrata nel Poker. Dario De Toffoli, Backgammon, Tutte le regole del gioco, Nuovi Equilibri, Stampa Alternativa, Viterbo, 2002, ISBN 88-7226-704-8 Dario De Toffoli, Giocare e vincere a Poker, Stampa Alternativa, 2002, ISBN 9-716-5.

Un nuovo gioco di carte inizia in piccola scala, o come invenzione originale di qualcuno o come modifica di un gioco esistente. I giocatori di un gioco possono accordarsi per cambiarne le regole come desiderano, le nuove regole su cui si accordano diventano le 'regole della casa' sotto cui giocano il gioco.

Dario De Toffoli is an Italian board game designer, gamebook author, and elite games player who founded the games company Studiogiochi and established many games events. Born in 1953 Venice,^[1] after an early career as a chemist he entered the world of games. Winner of over 60 medals at the Mind Sports Olympiad.^[2] He won the 2002 and 2012 Pentamind Competition for the best games all-rounder in the world.^[3][4] In 2006, he won a special award for his contribution to games which includes contribution to all aspects of games.^[5]

Contribution to games[edit]

The Personalita Ludica dell'Anno (PLDA) award the prize to the games personality of the year. In 2006, instead of the normal competition the PLDA made a lifetime achievement award to Dario De Toffoli for his 'career' in games.^[5][6]

In the 90's Dario, with the help of his company, staged the first 5 Italian Festivals of games,^[7] the largest in Italy. Other significant events established by Dario include the Mind Sports player competition Giocatore dell'Anno^[1] and the Venice International Backgammon Tournament.^[8]

Another event that Dario established is one of the few board game design competitions: Premio Archimede (the Archemedes prize) dedicated to Alex Randolph.^[9] An international competition where the along with the prize the winner has their game displayed in the Swiss museum of games.^[10]

Scrabble in Italian[edit]

Dario was one of the top players in scrabble in Italian. The world championship in Italian scrabble was not founded until 2008 before that there were Majors. Dario had multiple top 3 finishes in these competitions and won the Masters in 1997.^[11]

Backgammon[edit]

Dario De Toffoli is the foremost expert in backgammon in Italy.^[1] He wrote two of the key books on backgammon in Italian: 'the rules of the game' and 'the big book of backgammon' ^[12][13]In the latter, he is credited with bringing to light that the origins of backgammon went back 500 years further than had previously been reported.^[14][15]He is also a successful backgammon player having won numerous competitions and produced a book on the subject for La Stampa newspaper.^[16] He is a top class player having world rating of over 1500 at the end of the 2009 season.^[17]

However, Dario's impact on the game is most significant through his involvement in establishing the European backgammon scene. The Venice International Backgammon Tournament established by De Toffoli ^[8] was one of the first two major backgammon tournaments in Europe along with the Nordic Open Backgammon Tournament.^[18] The tournament is one of the most important in the world ^[19] and forms part of the European Backgammon Tour ^[20]

Poker[edit]

Dario wrote the first book on Texas Hold'em in Italian^[5][21] and has since then co-written two more of the only books in Italian on poker with Max Pescatori.^[22][23] Dario is primarily known for being a leading technician^[24][25] in the game being asked for views on poker^[26][27] and as a TV commentator^[5] as he has yet to win a major cash tournament.In 2008, Dario became the Amateur Poker World Champion^[28] an event that is not played for money.^[29]

Games All-rounder[edit]

Dario is one of the most successful games players of all-time. Perhaps his most notable achievement is as an all-round games player. He has won championships in games ranging from Oware^[30] to world championships in two new games: Continuo^[31] in 2002 and David Parlett's Hare and Tortoise^[32] in 2010.He has won over 60 medals at the Mind Sports Olympiad.^[2] In 2002 he became the oldest winner of the Pentamind World championship ^[2][3] an event to find the best games all-rounder in the world.^[33] This victory was achieved in the middle of Demis Hassabis^[34] 5 victories to whom he had earlier managed to finish second against.^[35]

Games Journalist[edit]

Dario has contributed hundreds of articles and puzzles for newspapers and magazines. His contributions include for Giochi Magazine,^[36]Il Gazzettino^[37] and for La Stampa newspaper.^[38]

Game and Puzzle Book Author[edit]

As well as strategic books De Toffoli is one of the leading authorities on games^[39] having written 'the encyclopedia of games' and the '1001 games for everyone'. His works also include several puzzle books and a book on draughts.

Games Designer[edit]

As well as owning the company Studiogiochi, Dario has personally designed and co-designed several board games. The most notable of which are Lex Arcana^[40][41] and Vampiri in salsa rossa^[5] role-playing based games. More recent games have had a more mainstream focus such as Sudoku and Kakuro board games and themed board games such as for the Totally Spies! cartoon series.

List of Games Designed^[1][edit]

• Kluges Kopfchen
• Totally Spies
• Poker Cinese
• Trova le mine
• Joker Poker
• Happy birthday!
• Nebraska
• Babar et le mistere des lettres perdues
• Kakuro challenge
• Kakuro (board game)
• Challenge Sudoku
• Mango Tango
• Sudoku (board game)
• Challenge Sudoku - Kakuro Challenge
• Number one
• Ketch up
• Yummy
• Buon compleanno
• Adventure cards
• Dummy
• Theseus
• I giochi della frutta
• Abaco zuzzurellone
• Jagd der Vampire

List of Books Written^[1][edit]

• Dario De Toffoli, Max Pescatori & Giorgio Sigon, A scuola di Poker, Sperling & Kupfer, 2010, ISBN978-88-200-4890-7
• Giampaolo Dossena & Dario De Toffoli, Enciclopedia dei giochi, Mondadori, Milan, 2009, ISBN978-88-200-4760-3
• Max Pescatori & Dario De Toffoli, Giocare e vincere a poker online, Sperling &Kupfer, Milan, 2009, ISBN88-200-4760-8
• Dario De Toffoli & Leo Colovini, Il grande libro degli scacchi, ISBN978-88-200-4794-8
• Dario De Toffoli, Il grande libro del Backgammon, Stampa Alternativa, 2008, ISBN978-88-6222-035-4
• Dario De Toffoli & Dario Zaccariotto, 1001 Giochi per tutti, Mondolibri, Milan, 2008, ISBN978-88-200-4712-2
• Dario De Toffoli, Dario Zaccariotto & Leo Colovini, Brainquiz, Sperling & Kupfer, Milan 2008, ISBN978-88-200-4550-0
• Dario De Toffoli, Dario Zaccariotto & Margot De Rosa, Numeri, Stampa Alternativa, Viterbo, ISBN978-88-6222-052-1
• Dario De Toffoli, Il grande gioco del Poker, Mondadori, Verona, 2008
• Dario De Toffoli, Il grande libro del Poker, Sperling and Kupfer, Milan, 2007ISBN 978-88-2004-389-6
• Dario De Toffoli & Dario Zaccariotto, Cibo per la mente - Vol III, Stampa Alternativa, Viterbo, 2007, ISBN88-7226-960-1
• Dario De Toffoli & Dario Zaccariotto, KAFKA, Sperling and Kupfer, Milan, 2007
• Dario De Toffoli & Dario Zaccariotto, Sfida al quadrato, Sperling and Kupfer, Milan, 2006, ISBN978-88-7339-120-3
• Dario De Toffoli & Dario Zaccariotto, Cibo per la mente II, Stampa Alternativa, Viterbo, 2005, ISBN978-88-7226-893-3
• Dario De Toffoli, Il giocatore consapevole, Stampa Alternativa, Viterbo, 2004, ISBN88-7226-824-9
• Dario De Toffoli & Dario Zaccariotto, Cibo per la mente I, Stampa Alternativa, 2004, ISBN88-7226-816-8
• Dario De Toffoli, Guida al poker, Conde Nast, Milan, 2004
• Dario De Toffoli, Giochi, Unicopli, Viterbo, 2003, ISBN88-400-0914-0
• Dario De Toffoli, Backgammon, Tutte le regole del gioco, Nuovi Equilibri, Stampa Alternativa, Viterbo, 2002, ISBN88-7226-704-8
• Dario De Toffoli, Giocare e vincere a Poker, Stampa Alternativa, 2002, ISBN978-88-7226-716-5
• Dario De Toffoli, Dario Zaccariotto, Michele Comerci & Claudio Borgnino, Giocare con le parole, La Scuola, Brescia, 2000
• Dario De Toffoli & Dario Zaccariotto, Dama, Unicopli, Viterbo, 2000 ISBN978-88-87766-08-0
• Dario De Toffoli, Nel mondo dei cruciverba, Unicopli, Viterbo, 2000, ISBN978-88-87766-05-9
• Dario De Toffoli, Scala quaranta, pinnacolo e dintorni, Unicopli, Viterbo, 2000, ISBN88-7307-317-4
• Dario De Toffoli, Backgammon, La Stampa, 1999
• Dario De Toffoli, Giocare a Backgammon, Arsenale, Venice, 1991 ISBN978-88-6222-035-4
• Dario De Toffoli, Giocare a Scarabeo, Sansoni Editore, Florence, 1985

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcde'studiogiochi - Dario De Toffoli'. www.studiogiochi.com.
2. ^ ^abc'Profile of Dario De Toffoli'. www.boardability.com.
3. ^ ^ab'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
4. ^'Dario De Toffoli - Gli autori di Sperling & Kupfer'. Sperling & Kupfer editori.
5. ^ ^abcde'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
6. ^'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
7. ^'La Stampa - Consultazione Archivio'. Archiviolastampa.it. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
8. ^ ^ab'Venice 2001'. www.backgammonmagazin.de.
9. ^'Game designers association page on Premio Archemde results retrieved 4 March 2011'. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
10. ^'Premio Archemde exhibition announcement'.^{[permanent dead link]}
11. ^ealigam@gmail.com, Erwin Aligam -. 'Scrabble Italia'. www.scrabbleitalia.com.
12. ^'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
13. ^'Backgammon.it • Indice'. www.backgammon.it.
14. ^'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
15. ^'Dario De Toffoli - Risultati della ricerca - Approfondimenti, rilanci e...'www.stampalternativa.it.
16. ^Backgammon, La Stampa, December 1999
17. ^'World Backgammon ratings matches for Dario De Toffoli retrieved 3 March 2011'. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
18. ^'History of Nordic backgammon'. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
19. ^'Nothing found for Pr3'. www.play65.com.
20. ^'Article on European Backgammon Tour'. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
21. ^'Google Translate'. Translate.google.co.uk. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
22. ^Book review La Repubblica, 13 November 2010, Google translation of
23. ^''A scuola di poker' per restare al passo - Repubblica.it'.
24. ^'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
25. ^Sorrentino, Roberto 'Ronnie'. 'Dario De Toffoli ed il multithinking process'. www.pokeritaliaweb.org.
26. ^'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
27. ^'Clicca e fai poker Corriere della Sera'. www.corriere.it.
28. ^'Poker'. www.boardability.com.
29. ^David Spanier, Independent Pursuits: Poker, The Independent, 10 September 1998
30. ^'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
31. ^'Continuo'. www.boardability.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
32. ^'Hare and Tortoise'. www.boardability.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
33. ^The Mind Sports Olympiad Supplement, The Pentamind, The Times, July 1997
34. ^Boxer, Steve (9 September 2004). 'Child prodigy stands by originality'. The Guardian.
35. ^'Interview article from 99 retrieved 1 March 2011'.
36. ^Giochi Magazine, May 1987-March 1988
37. ^'Example article by De Toffoli, Il Gazettino, 7 December 1988, Retrieved 4 March 2011'(PDF).
38. ^'La Stampa - Consultazione Archivio'. www.archiviolastampa.it.
39. ^'Google Translate'. Translate.google.co.uk. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
40. ^'Google Translate'. translate.google.com.
41. ^http://www.brigata.it/cantiere/recensioni/lex-arcana

External links[edit]

The game of poker was developed some time during the early 19th century in the United States. Since those early beginnings, poker has grown to become an extremely popular pastime throughout the world.

19th century[edit]

In the 1837 edition of Foster's Complete Hoyle, R. F. Foster wrote: 'the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the Persian game of As-Nas.' By the 1990s some gaming historians including David Parlett started to challenge the notion that poker is a direct derivative of As-Nas.^{[citation needed]} There is evidence that a game called poque, a French game similar to poker, was played around the region where poker is said to have originated. The name of the game likely descended from the Irish Poca (Pron. Pokah) ('Pocket') or even the Frenchpoque, which descended from the Germanpochen ('to brag as a bluff' lit. 'to knock'). Yet it is not clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing those names. It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the Renaissance game of primero and the French brelan. The English game brag (earlier bragg) clearly descended from brelan and incorporated bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time). It is quite possible that all of these earlier games influenced the development of poker as it exists now.

Gioco Del Poker Regole Wikipedia Portugues

A modern school of thought rejects these ancestries,^[1] as they focus on the card play in poker, which is trivial and could have been derived from any number of games or made up on general cardplay principles.^[2] The unique features of poker have to do with the betting, and do not appear in any known older game.^[1] In this view poker originated much later, in the early or mid-18th century, and spread throughout the Mississippi River region by 1800. It was played in a variety of forms, with 52 cards, and included both straight poker and stud. 20 card poker was a variant for two players (it is a common English practice to reduce the deck in card games when there are fewer players).^[3] The development of poker is linked to the historical movement that also saw the invention of commercial gambling.^[4][5]

English actor Joseph Cowell^[6] reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829, with a deck of 20 cards, and four players betting on which player's hand was the most valuable. Jonathan H. Green's book, An Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling (G. B. Zieber, Philadelphia, 1843), described the spread of the game from there to the rest of the country by Mississippiriverboats, on which gambling was a common pastime. As it spread north along the Mississippi River and to the West during the gold rush, it is thought to have become a part of the frontier pioneer ethos.

Soon after this spread, the full 52-card French deck was used and the flush was introduced. The draw was added prior to 1850 (when it was first mentioned in print in a handbook of games).^[7] During the American Civil War, many additions were made including stud poker (the five-card variant), and the straight. Further American developments followed, such as the wild card (around 1875), lowball and split-pot poker (around 1900), and community card poker games (around 1925).

Early books discussing poker[edit]

• Hildreth, J. (1836) Dragoon Campaigns to the Rocky Mountains, Wiley & Long, New York: mentions poker
• Green, Jonathan H. (1843). Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling, Philadelphia: Zieber
• Cowell, Joe (1844). Thirty Years Passed Among the Players in England and America
• Anners, Henry F. (1845) Hoyle’s Games: refers to Poker or Bluff, 20-deck Poker, and 20-deck Poke
• Bohn, Henry George (1850) New Handbook of Games: stated the rules of poker in print for the first time
• Dick, Willium B. (1866) The American card player
• Trumps (1868) The Modern Pocket Hoyle New York: Dick & Fitzgerald
• Steinmetz, Andrew (1870) The Gaming Table: Its Votaries and Victims, London: Tinsley Brothers
• Schenck, Robert C. (1872)Rules for Playing Poker, private circulation
• Winterblossom, Henry T (1875) The Game of Draw Poker Mathematically Illustrated
• Blackbridge (1875) The Complete Card Player

20th century[edit]

Developments in the 1970s led to poker becoming far more popular than it was before. Modern tournament play became popular in American casinos after the World Series of Poker began, in 1970.^[8] Notable champions from these early WSOP tournaments include Johnny Moss, Amarillo Slim, Bobby Baldwin, Doyle Brunson, and Puggy Pearson. Later in the 1970s, the first serious poker strategy books appeared, notably Super/System by Doyle Brunson (ISBN1-58042-081-8) and Caro's Book of Poker Tells by Mike Caro (ISBN0-89746-100-2), followed later by The Theory of Poker by David Sklansky (ISBN1-880685-00-0).

By the 1980s, poker was being depicted in popular culture as a commonplace recreational activity. For example, it was featured in at least 10 episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation as a weekly event of the senior staff of the fictional ship's crew.^[9]

Two significant events in the late 1980s led to the first poker 'boom'. In 1987, California legalized the flop games of hold'em and Omaha, as well as stud. Previously only draw games were allowed. While there were more poker games in California than anywhere else before this, the number of games and the action hold'em brought both increased dramatically. Cavernous poker rooms like the Commerce Casino and the Bicycle Club began operating in the LA area.^[10] In 1988 Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA),^[11] which legalized casino games on Indian lands. Poker rooms began rapidly opening within a few short years. Limit Texas hold'em was the most widely played game by far in the west, and seven card stud was the most widely played game in the east from the late 1980s until 2003.^[12]

In the 1990s, poker and casino gambling spread across the United States, most notably to Atlantic City, New Jersey.^[13] In 1998, Planet Poker dealt the first real money online poker game. In 1999, Late Night Poker debuted on British television.^[14]

21st century[edit]

Poker's popularity experienced an unprecedented spike at the beginning of the 21st century, largely because of the introduction of online poker and hole-card cameras, which turned the game into a spectator sport. Not only could viewers now follow the action and drama of the game on television, they could also play the game in the comfort of their own home. Broadcasts of poker tournaments such as the World Series of Poker and World Poker Tour brought in huge audiences for cable and satellite TV distributors. Because of the increased coverage of poker events, poker pros became celebrities, with poker fans all over the world entering into tournaments for the chance to compete with them. Television coverage also added an important new dimension to the poker professional's game, as any given hand could now be aired later, revealing information not only to the other players at the table, but to anyone who cared to view the broadcast.

Following the surge in popularity, new poker tours soon emerged, including the World Poker Tour and European Poker Tour, both televised, and the latter sponsored by online poker company PokerStars. Subsequent tours have since been created by PokerStars, such as Latin American Poker Tour and Asia Pacific Poker Tour, as well as other national tours. Beginning in 2003, major poker tournament fields grew dramatically, in part because of the growing popularity of online satellite-qualifier tournaments where the prize is an entry into a major tournament. The 2003 and 2004 World Series of Poker champions, Chris Moneymaker and Greg Raymer, respectively, won their seats to the main event by winning online satellites.^[15] In 2009 the International Federation of Poker was founded in Lausanne, Switzerland, becoming the official governing body for poker and promoting the game as a mind sport. In 2011 it announced plans for two new events: The Nations Cup, a duplicate poker team event, to be staged on the London Eye on the banks of the River Thames and 'The Table', the invitation-only IFP World Championship, featuring roughly 130 of the world's best poker players, in an event to find the 2011 official 'World Champion'.

After the passage of the UIGEA in October 2006, attendance at live tournaments as well as participation in live and online cash games initially slowed; however, they are still growing and far more popular today than they were before 2003. The growth and popularity of poker can be seen in the WSOP which had a record 7,319 entrants to the 2010 main event.^[16] The only nations in Europe that prohibit live poker are Norway, Poland and Albania, according to Dagbladet in 2011.^[17]

Gioco Del Poker Regole Wikipedia De

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abReuven and Gabrielle Brenner, and Aaron Brown, A World of Chance: Betting on Religion, Games, Wall Street, Cambridge University Press (2008), ISBN978-0-521-88466-2
2. ^Stephen Longstreet, Win or Lose: A Social History of Gambling in America, Bobbs-Merrill (1977), ISBN978-0-672-52253-6
3. ^Aaron Brown, The Poker Face of Wall Street, John Wiley & Sons (2006), ISBN978-0-470-12731-5
4. ^David G. Schwartz, Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling, Gotham (2007), ISBN978-1-59240-316-5
5. ^Timothy O'Brien, Bad Bet : The Inside Story of the Glamour, Glitz, and Danger of America's Gambling Industry, Crown Business (1998), ISBN978-0-8129-2807-5
6. ^Williamson, G. R. (15 May 2012). Frontier Gambling. G.R. Williamson. ISBN9780985278014. Retrieved 16 December 2018 – via Google Books.
7. ^Henry G. Bond (ed.), Bohn's New Handbook of Games, Henry F. Anners (1850)
8. ^'World Series of Poker: A Retrospective'. Gaming.unlv.edu. 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
9. ^'Poker & Pop Culture: 'Star Trek: The Next Generation''. www.pokernews.com. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
10. ^Badger, Steve. 'California Hold'em Poker - Texas Holdem Comes to California Poker'. www.stevebadger.com.
11. ^'Industry Overview'. Indian Gaming: The National Information Site of the American Indian Gaming Industry. Liberty Lake, Washington: ArrowPoint Media, Inc. 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
12. ^'WSOP NEWS: A WILDER RIDE'. www.wsop.com. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
13. ^'United States of Poker: New Jersey'. Pokerplayernewspaper.com. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
14. ^'Late Night Poker: About the Show'. Channel4.com. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
15. ^'Chris Moneymaker on'. Answers.com. 1975-11-21. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
16. ^'WSOP 2010 Results - World Series of Poker Champion Jonathan Duhamel'. PokerStars.com. 2011-01-22. Retrieved 2011-01-22.
17. ^LøvikSivilingeniør, DEBATTINNLEGGPål Skønberg (15 September 2011). 'Legaliser poker'. Dagbladet.no. Retrieved 16 December 2018.